旋毛虫期特异性基因的筛选与鉴定

对旋毛虫新生幼虫 期特异性基因进行筛选与鉴定,结果表明:对新生幼虫cDNA文库进行核酸杂交筛选，获得7个阳性克隆，其大小在1.4 kb左右；用放射性同位素α³²P标记cDNA探针后，与旋毛虫成虫、肌幼虫、新生幼虫、成虫/新生幼虫cDNA文库质粒DNA进行Southern印迹杂交，结果与成虫/新生幼虫、新生幼虫cDNA文库质粒DNA有杂交而与成虫、肌幼虫cDNA文库质粒DNA不杂交，因此该探针是新生幼虫期所特有的cDNA片段。     

Relationship of Late Embryo Loss and Anomalies in Broiler Offspring

A previous study of Mississippi broiler complexes indicated a significant increase (0.640 to 1.77%) of embryonic total gross anatomical anomalies (TA) in the hatch residue. A separate field study in a single broiler complex of 8 breeder flocks, each hatching in 2 machines on the same day, illustrated a positive correlation between TA and total late stage embryo loss (TLEL; 16 to 21 d of incubation). The current study examined egg hatch residue from 92 selected breeder flocks that were hatched in each of 2 machines on the same date, with each respective machine being identified during egg residue analysis as having either low or high TLEL. Five makes of multistage incubational units were utilized within 10 different hatcheries in 7 states. The eggs were from breeders that comprised 32 weekly age groups (wk 27 to 61) and 5 separate strain crosses. When the egg residue results from the 92 flocks (hatching in 184 machines) were placed into 1 of 2 groups according to level (low and high) of TLEL, the high TLEL group showed a significantly lower estimated hatching efficiency (EHF) and significantly higher levels of TA and embryo head misorientations toward the small end of the egg than did the low TLEL group. The percentage change in EHF was 1.28% between eggs belonging to low (93.8%) and high (92.6%) TLEL groups. Also, TLEL in both low and high groups was significantly (P ≤ 0.0001) correlated with EHF, TA, total cracked or crushed eggs, and with eggs having embryo heads misoriented toward the small end. These results strongly suggest that TA plays a minor role, if at all, as a cause of lower EHF and that TA incidence may serve as a biomarker for hatching efficiency.     

怀孕母山羊及围产期胎儿心率的M型超声心动图测定

利用M-型超声波对怀孕母山羊以及围产期山羊胎儿的心率进行检测,并对三者的检测结果进行比较,以观察分娩前后胎儿的超声心动图之间的相同点和不同点,以及围产期胎儿和成年山羊的超声心动图之间的异同点。并对围产期胎儿心率以及母山羊心率的M-型超声心动图进行分析,以观察围产期胎儿心脏和成年羊心脏不同结构部位博动的超声情况。从而得到健康山羊及围产期胎儿的正常心率的M型超声心动图生理指标,为以后动物的心血管疾病的超声诊断提供数据。     

不同日粮组成下高寒地区小黑麦在断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内动态降解的研究

用3头3月龄左右、装有瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶公犊,按3×3完全拉丁方试验设计,喂给三种日粮,日粮组成按精粗比分别为:Ⅰ组,70:30;Ⅱ组,60:40;Ⅲ组,50:50,研究不同日粮组成下高寒地区小黑麦的DM、CP以及NDF在断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内动态降解。试验结果表明:日粮精粗比为60:40时,其CP的降解率和降解参数明显低于精粗比为70:30和50:50的日粮,差异显著(P<0.05);其DM和NDF的降解率和降解参数明显高于精粗比为70:30和50:50的日粮,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

多花黑麦草早、晚熟品系生育进程中可消化养分变化的差异

为阐明多花黑麦草生长发育进程中养分变化的规律和品系间差异，田间试验测定了早熟品系孕穗到开花、晚熟品系拔节到开花不同器官中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）含量和干物质体外消化率（IVDMD），结果表明：早熟品系孕穗到开花、晚熟品系拔节到开花，NDF和ADF含量均在孕穗期最低；同时，NSC含量最高，分别达千物质重的2．68％和2．85％，IVDMD亦较高。早熟品系抽穗后IVDMD快速降低，而晚熟品系下降较为缓慢，从拔节到开花一直保持较高的营养品质。早、晚熟品系叶鞘的IVDMD均显著低于叶片，亦略低于茎秆。     

猪蛔虫性别特异基因在第三、四期幼虫的表达谱研究

为研究猪蛔虫性别特异基因在第三期、第四期幼虫的表达情况，本研究采用表达谱基因芯片技术，从所构建的猪蛔虫雌、雄成虫cDNA消减文库中分别挑取克隆，制备成cDNA微阵列芯片、标记有荧光素Cy5-dUTP和Cy3-dUTP的各组探针（L3＋♀；L3＋♂；L4＋♀；L4＋♂）分别与制备好的芯片进行杂交、扫描，原始信号值经均一化处理后，获取每个点的Ratio值（Ratio=Cy5／Cy3）．根据该值筛选出表达差异最明显的841个克隆，进行测序分析，在获得的707个有效序列中有61个是猪蛔虫新的ESTs、将在第三、四期幼虫以及成虫中显著表达的克隆进行排列组合比较，获得各期特有和各期之间共有的表达克隆一在第三期幼虫中，雌、雄性别特异基因分别有21和9个，编码的主要蛋白有卵黄原前导蛋白、睾丸幼胚蛋白等；在第四期幼虫中特异表达的雌、雄性别基因分别有22和6个，其中免疫抑制卵巢信息蛋白、主要精子纤维蛋白（MFP）等表达明显本项研究结果不仅初步阐明了猪蛔虫性别特异基因在第三、四期幼虫的表达情况，而且亦为筛选控制猪蛔虫病的“关键”基因并阐明其功能奠定了基础。     

三岁梅花鹿生茸期日粮中适宜钙、磷含量水平的研究

为探讨三岁梅花鹿生茸期日粮中适宜的Ca、P水平，选择45只健康和生茸正常的梅花鹿，采用3个日粮处理水平组（Ⅰ：0．60％Ca、0．32％P；Ⅱ：0．89％Ca、0．52％P；Ⅲ：1．17％Ca、0．71％P）进行对比饲养试验和茸血化验分析。试验结果表明：以鹿茸产量和鹿茸于鲜比为主要依据，三岁梅花鹿生茸期日粮中适宜的Ca、P水平分别为0．89％和0．52％；日粮Ca、P水平对锯茸时鹿茸血清中的Ca含量有影响，而对P的含量影响不大。     

雉鸡育成前期能量代谢参数及其需要量的研究

本项研究采用梯度饲养试验、代谢试验和比较屠宰试验 ,结合营养化验和统计分析 ,对4～8周龄育成前期雉鸡的能量代谢参数及能量需要量进行了全面测定研究。研究结果表明 :(1)雉鸡育成前期维持代谢需要量为每千克代谢体重每天119.61kcal;(2)雉鸡育成前期用于生长的代谢能的利用效率(Kpf)为25.93 % ,每克增重需要代谢能5.30kcal ;(3)雉鸡育成前期随着采食量的增加 ,其体蛋白沉积量、体脂肪能沉积量和体脂肪沉积能占总净能的比例均相应提高 ,但体蛋白沉积能占总净能的比例随着采食量的增加而逐渐降低。     

梨杂种后代亲本性状遗传倾向的研究

通过对49个杂交组合2542株梨杂种实生苗亲本性状遗传倾向的观察研究看出,在河南郑州地区,梨杂种后代的童期为4～5年,6年生杂种一般开花株率可达70%以上;童期的长短主要受亲本遗传特性的制约;梨杂种后代果实重量一般较亲中值小27%,但有些组合超亲现象明显,一般超亲19.2%;果形遗传似表现为圆或扁圆对卵圆或圆锥为显性;皮色遗传表现为黄对褐为显性;肉质的遗传表现为细脆、紧脆和粗脆对细嫩占优势,细嫩型所占比重约为30%;在品质遗传方面,鸭梨、麻梨、库尔勒香梨易将其优良品质传给后代,在鸭梨×金花梨的后代中,果实大小和风味品质超亲现象明显。     

小麦苗期抗纹枯病鉴定方法的改良及抗病品种筛选

Wheat sharp eyespot, caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis and R. solani, is a soil-borne fungal disease, which poses a great threat to wheat yield. In order to increase the identification efficiency of wheat sharp eyespot resistance, an improved method of rapidly identifying wheat sharp eyespot resistance was established by inoculating wheat seedlings with diseased wheat grains in greenhouse. To verify its reliability, four standard materials and 96 wheat varieties from Huanghuai wheat region were used for resistance assessment to sharp eyespot. Meanwhile, the resistance to Rhizoctonia solani of aforementioned materials in the field was identified by traditional methods. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between the four repetitions of the improved method ranged from 0.735 to 0.825, and the correlation coefficient between the average number of repetitions and the traditional method was 0.630. The results of wheat sharp eyespot resistance identification in Huanghuai wheat area showed that 66 wheat varieties were susceptible, accounting for 68.8% of tested materials. This indicated that the resistance of wheat varieties in Huanghuai wheat area to sharp eyespot was poor on the whole and needed to be improved urgently. At the same time, eleven wheat varieties which showed resistance to sharp eyespot at seedling and adult stages were screened, which include Zhengzhou 8998, Beijing 841, Handan 94-5316, Jimai 32, Jinmai 50, Jinmai 54, Longmai 157, Lumai 23, Shanhe 6, Shi 02-1 and Xinmai 18. Therefore, this study provides a method for identification of wheat sharp eyespot resistance at seedling stage, by which the resistance of wheat varieties to sharp eyespot can be quickly and efficiently identified. Furthermore, selected resistant materials provide important material resources for wheat sharp eyespot resistance breeding in Huanghuai wheat region and even in China.